试验设计法与BP-GA算法在复合材料结构优化中的应用

试验设计法具有均衡分散性和整齐可比性,通过试验设计进行响应面的样本选取可以大大减少样本的数目,同时保证响应面的训练精度。响应面与遗传算法相结合在工程应用中已经形成一套适用于复杂结构设计的高效优化方法。本文以复合材料加筋蒙皮的质量优化问题为例,通过正交试验进行响应面训练样本选取,通过PATRAN/NASTRAN进行有限元分析得出样本的数值,应用神经网络(BP)训练、构建优化的目标函数和强度、稳定性约束响应面,结合其他常规约束条件通过遗传算法(GA)进行优化,验证了这套算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于PWM的挠性航天器分力合成主动振动抑制方法

分力合成主动振动抑制方法可以有效抑制挠性振动. 其利用几个相同或相似的随时间变化的分力, 按一定的规律沿时间轴排列合成为合力作为系统输入, 此合力可以在保证完成规定刚体运动的同时抑制掉指定的任意阶振动谐波. 对于使用常幅值力矩喷气执行机构的航天器, 应用脉宽调制(PWM)技术将符合分力合成方法的时间最优机动控制指令变化为常幅值力矩形式, 设计出常幅值的时间最优大角度机动策略. 数值仿真结果证实了方法的有效性.      

横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构设计的影响

针对新一代防空导弹高机动作战特点,研究了复杂横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构工程设计的影响。同时考虑过载值和过载角度的瞬时变化,对发动机绝热层进行网格划分,并对烧蚀厚度进行编程计算,进而按照安全裕度设计准则得到不同位置的绝热层设计厚度。与传统设计结果相比,考虑横向过载的变化可以显著减少了发动机的结构质量,提高了发动机总体性能,绝热质量减小了53.7%,总冲提高了6.84%。      

Simplification approaches for multi-level load spectra by using equivalent damage rule

Reasonable and effective fatigue load spectrum is key of aircraft structural fatigue test. Two kinds of load spectra simplification approaches based on statistical consistent fatigue damage model are proposed in the paper. One method is to simplify the original multi-level load spectra to spectral load with fewer level and was verified by the experimental data of five levels and seven levels load spectra. The equivalent damage here is not equivalent fatigue life, but equivalent number of spectral blocks. Moreover, it was proved that a section of low stress load cannot be converted into the highest stress load considering equivalent damage. The other is to convert the life distribution under multi-level load spectra into that of constant amplitude spectrum according to a certain principle, that is, equivalent damage is achieved through equivalent fatigue life, and two groups of three levels spectral data were used for experimental verification. The results show that equivalent damage simplification approach of multi-level load spectra is feasible, and it achieve that the damage of one loading block before and after the simplification is equal in probability statistics. The life distribution of load simplified as constant amplitude spectrum is consistent with test data. The simplification method presented in this paper can be generalized and is a predictive engineering method which does not depend on experimental data.     

Reduction of vibration by periodically stitched sandwich panel

This work reveals that the addition of periodically distributed stitches to sandwich structure enables a significant reduction of vibration in stop-band and this new functionality is systematically investigated. Firstly, a finite element model which is capable of taking into consideration the three layers of the sandwich as well as the stitches is developed. The diagram of dispersion is calculated by applying Floquet-Bloch theorem to the boundaries of unit cell. With properly chosen properties of stitches, a stop-band for flexural wave is observed. This stop-band is further confirmed by the forced response of a large stitched sandwich panel under point excitation. The level of vibration in the stop-band is significantly reduced. The influence of the stitch rigidity and density on upper and lower limits of stop-band is also examined, which confirms that stitched sandwich can be tuned to mitigate vibration in a certain frequency band with appropriate stitch properties. These investigations have demonstrated the potential application of stitched sandwich in the area of vibration reduction.     

超临界翼型低雷诺数流动分析及优化设计

以高空长航时无人机(UAV)翼型研究为背景,对超临界RAE2822翼型在高空高亚声速下的低雷诺数气动特性进行了数值模拟及优化设计研究。采用求解雷诺平均N-S方程的有限体积法,对典型低雷诺数下RAE2822翼型绕流进行数值模拟,验证了SST k-ω湍流模型的可靠性和准确性;基于不同高度不同雷诺数下RAE2822翼型的计算气动力对比分析,研究了高度增大所带来的低雷诺数效应;通过对低雷诺数下超临界翼型表面流场结构及流动机理的详细分析,提出了一种弱化激波的翼型设计思想,并通过优化算例验证了该思想的可行性。     

非定常条件下喷嘴结构对燃油流量脉动的影响

假设油路处于小脉动条件下,燃油流量连续,以流量数为中间变量,推导了燃油流量脉动关于喷嘴结构的关系模型.得出结论:当外部激励一定时,燃油流量脉动与流量数成正比,与平均燃油压降的0.5次方成反比.通过喷嘴标定得出了减小流量数进而减小燃油流量脉动的方法:增加节流级数、减小节流面积,并用脉动试验证明了此方法的正确性,为喷嘴设计者在面对不稳定性问题时提供了一般的设计步骤.      

基于燃烧室压力振荡的火焰筒结构优化

实验对比了双层与单层火焰筒的燃烧室压力振荡特性.实验结果表明:在相同的实验工况下,前者的压力振荡幅值要小.检验了基于叠加原理的多孔共振腔模型在分析上述压力振荡特性中的适用性.通过敏感性分析,探讨了在保证火焰筒冷却气分配不变的情况下,用于减小燃烧室压力振荡幅值的火焰筒结构改良方向.分析结果表明:火焰筒壁面的孔数量(孔直径)是用于减小燃烧室压力振荡工程优化的主要参数.      

风向对直升机旋翼与甲板流场结构影响

为了了解直升机旋翼流场与甲板流场的相互作用,采用数值模拟方法对船体与旋翼的复合流场进行求解.分析了不同风向时旋翼流场的流线形态、涡量分布与旋翼平衡性.详细阐述了复合流场中主要旋涡结构的产生及演变过程,并对旋涡结构进行分类.研究结果表明:旋翼流场与甲板流场间存在相互干扰,形成复杂的复合流场.0°风向时,旋翼的存在使得其后方甲板区域的涡流范围与气流下洗趋势增加明显;侧风会增大甲板区域涡流范围,加剧旋翼桨叶不平衡性;右舷15°风向时,旋翼升力能力与旋翼桨叶平衡性最差,该风向不利于直升机的甲板悬停.      

考虑应变依赖性的硬涂层复合结构有限元分析

在简要介绍硬涂层材料应变依赖性的基础上,推导了用迭代有限元法求解硬涂层复合结构动力学特性的原理,进一步提出了求解硬涂层复合结构固有频率和振动响应的计算流程,即由振动响应值来修正硬涂层材料参数,进而迭代求解硬涂层复合结构的动力学参数.最后以一个涂敷MgO+Al₂O₃硬涂层的悬臂梁为例进行了实例研究,在考虑MgO+Al₂O₃硬涂层材料应变依赖性的基础上,获得了不同激励幅度下悬臂梁的固有频率和振动响应,并与线性计算结果进行了比对.结果表明;该硬涂层复合结构悬臂梁具有软式非线性,同时,对应于不同的激励幅度,迭代计算获得的共振响应相对于线性计算值减少了29%~48%,说明硬涂层材料的应变依赖性会进一步增强硬涂层的减振效果.